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Introduction
In the face of the imminent global energy crisis, India's power consumption recorded for April 2022 was 132.98 Billion Units (Bu), a 13.6 % increase from the previous year's power consumption for the same month that was 117.08 Bu [i]. An ever-increasing carbon emission across the globe forms dark silhouettes of worsening climate change. In India's current energy mix, thermal power (Oil, Gas and Coal) still adds up to 51% of the total energy capacity out of the total 401GW Installed capacity. In comparison, renewable power plants account for 28%[ii]. India pledges to be Net Zero by the year 2070 and achieve the target of 50 per cent share of energy from non-fossil fuels. India also set an ambitious target of sourcing 500-gigawatt (GW) renewable energy capacity before the deadline of 2030; Solar and Wind energy are expected to form 450 GW and the rest from Hydropower.
As of April 2022, India has a cumulative installed capacity of Solar Power reported at 55 GW; however, it will miss the target of 100GW installed solar capacity by 2022, and this shortfall is routed to the slow Rooftop Solar Panel installation. As of June 2021[i] , the total rooftop solar generation capacity amounted to 7,701-megawatt (MW); majority of it was installed in the Industrial and Commercial sector and the residential sector only recorded 1,292 MW of installed Rooftop Solar[ii].
In this paper, we are focusing specifically on the residential demand for solar energy. The rationale behind this is two-fold. First, from the supply-side, both big and small players have the incentives to create and expand capacities by exploiting India’s location and availability of sunlight, making use of the policies and incentives, and positioning themselves as exporters. Secondly, within the demand sphere, commercial and industrial (C&I) accounts for 70% of the installed rooftop systems; residential consumers account for less than 20% of the total installed capacity and therefore, present a great opportunity. This paper attempts to understand why this opportunity is not being exploited and devise solutions accordingly.
Trends in Renewable Energy Sources
India’s installed renewable energy capacity currently stands at 152.36 GW, representing 38.56% of the overall installed power capacity. Of this, solar power has the highest share as installed capacity has increased by more than 18 times from 2.63 GW in March 2014 to 49.3 GW in at the end of 2021. Off-grid solar power is growing at a fast pace in India, with sales of 392,000 off-grid solar products in the first half of 2021 [i]. However, India’s renewable energy’s full potential is vast (at 750 GW) and remains untapped. The government aims to achieve 175 GW of renewable power generation capacity by 2022. As a result of this ambitious goal, the renewable energy sector is expected to dominate the growth of the power generation sector during the forecast period. Out of the 175 GW, 100 GW is earmarked for solar capacity. 40% of this is expected to be achieved through decentralised and rooftop-scale solar projects, that are driven by household and MSME demands or areas that are far-off from the grid.
Source: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
The major factors driving the Indian solar energy market are the declining cost of solar power technology, the flexibility of the systems, and a greener method of power generation [i].
India stands 5th among countries with a maximum installed capacity of solar rooftop installations. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu account for 53.6% of the solar rooftop installations in India, as of January 2021. Due to the country's geographical location, India is one of the best recipients of solar energy. To push the initiative further in November 2021, the government announced future plans to increase the funding under the PLI scheme
for domestic solar cells and module manufacturing to RS. 24,000 crore (US$ 3.17 billion) from the existing Rs. 4,500 crore (US$ 594.68 million) to make India an exporting nation[i].
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Current Policy Landscape
The Indian government has been very keen on expanding solar energy in the country’s energy mix over the past decade and brought out many policies for the same, which are discussed as follows. Rooftop Solar (RTS) Photovoltaic Target developments came under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in 2010, aiming to deploy 2,000 MW of RTS by 2022; this target was then revised to 40,000 MW by 2022 in the year 2015. The initial ambition was to promote RTS projects to meet future energy demands by creating Generation Based Incentives (GBI) which was set up to provide support to small grid solar power projects connected to the state distribution grid (below 33 KW) and introduce a Net Metering Policy, where the consumer was credited for excess units of energy generated for the unit of energy[ii]. To increase momentum for adoption, RTS development was implemented in two phases.
Phase 1, Grid Connected Roof-top and Small Solar Power Plants Programme, was introduced in 2015 to install 4200 MW by 2019-2020. Half of this would be established through Central Financial Assistance(CFA), where funds will be deployed according to Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) guidelines for RTS. This fund will be made available to the potential empanelled contractors who receive contracts from the government through the competitive bidding process on the total project cost, whichever is lower bid. The remaining 2,100 MW would be installed without funding support. Under Phase 1, 2.16 GW of RTS was installed by December 2018, only a little over the half-expected installation in 2019-2020. To counter this slow growth momentum in adoption, Phase 2 was announced in 2019.
As a part of Phase 2, the Government introduced Sustainable Rooftop Implementation for Solar Transfiguration of India (SRISTI) scheme, with a total of Rs. 660,000 Lakhs specifically for the residential sector. Under this Phase, 38 GW would be deployed, of which 4 GW would be deployed through residential RTS. The remaining 34 GW would be through social, government, educational, PSUs, Private, and other sectors. Key leveraging point for RTS adoption was identified and distributed via Financial Turnaround of Power Distribution Companies (DISCOMs) under UJWAL DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY). The incentive structure for DISCOMs was performance-based and Rs. 495,000 Lakhs was kept as CFA to incentivize distribution utilities.
Policies for deploying RTS across states in India matter on the adoption rate, and there is a heterogeneous sub-state deployment across India. The Government of India (GoI) prepared an RTS attractive index called the State RTS Attractiveness Index (SARAL) for the year 2018–2019 to map the development status of RTS in India. Four states—Karnataka, Telangana, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh—received the highest rating (A ++); whilst seven states—Bihar, Mizoram, West Bengal, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya, and other northern Indian states—received the lowest rating (B), indicating weak RTS development in these states[iii].
Due to state-by-state variations in energy potential and state-level entities' inclination and ability to drive the sector, different provisions exist across the country. Net metering policies are an agreement that allows the solar PV system owner to sell excess solar energy to the utility company or buy deficit energy from the utility company using a meter to track this energy exchange. Many states set an upper limit of 1 MW, and the lower limit was set at 1 KW; however, in the case of West Bengal, it was set at 5 KW. There exists a difference in the transformer capacity for RTS; Jharkhand allows deploying RTS capacity up to 100% of the transformer capacity while Tamil Nadu allows up to 90%. The export of electricity is allowed compared to consumption; many states allow export above 100% of consumption and some at 90%. Many states have monthly or yearly billing periods. Compensation for surplus is either through average power purchase cost (APPC) or a tariff determined by the state electricity regulatory commissions (SERCs)[iv].
Owing to the government's push towards making India the hub for solar energy, there has been significant investments, government subsidies, and policy boosts. Consequently, the solar industry in India is expected to reach grid parity soon. Grid parity is when a renewable energy source, such as wind or solar power, costs as much or less than conventional energy sources, such as petroleum.
It is expected that solar energy will eventually generate power that would cost less than thermal power in years to come. Existing solar energy projects are already headed in that direction. The Indian solar energy market is fragmented. Some of the major companies operating in the market include Adani Enterprises Ltd, Emmvee Photovoltaic Power Private Limited, Azure Power Global Limited, JinkoSolar Holdings Co. Ltd, and First Solar Inc. The degree of market concentration allows for new entrants and more competition. However, many subsidy schemes are linked to purchase from government-approved vendors and while this is done with the intention of ensuring a standard of the material used and sold, it can also create perverse incentives. The market response to big players and their standardized products in the rural areas is discussed later.
Despite these concerted efforts by the government, the residential demand still falls short and in the next sections, we look at the root of the problems. The problems are broadly classified into- financial, behavioural, and regulatory problems.
Distribution Model of RTS in India
Renewable energy in India is an industry that is heavily driven by the private sector; two business models are prevalent, namely CAPEX and OPEX (RESCO). Capital expenditures (CAPEX) is India's most widely used model for RTS deployment. In this model, the consumer purchases the solar system, by making 100% of the payment upfront or financing the system, often through a bank. The Operating Expenditure (OPEX) model or Renewable Energy Service Company (RESCO), the RESCO model is a zero-investment model in which the consumer pays only for the electricity generated from the project. At the same time, the RESCO developer owns the solar plant. This model is preferred for large projects; for example, The Haryana Renewable Energy Development Agency (HAREDA) has facilitated power purchase agreements (PPA) for 3.75 MW of rooftop solar projects with five universities in Haryana under the RESCO model[v]. Approximately 71 % of the total rooftop installation was through the CAPEX model, while OPEX/RESCO models were responsible for the remaining 29%as of Q1 2022, reported by Mercom India[vi].
While RESCO installations, like CAPEX, benefit Central and S
tate government support through various subsidies/financial aid, there are certain risks associated with this model[vii]. Risks concerning state net metering policies, such as Gujarat, which disapproves of the RESCO model and disputes between the RESCO operator and the consumer and consumers default on payment. RESCOs are hesitant to work on projects with consumers with bad credit history and hence attract larger corporate entities with excellent credit ratings rather than medium and small enterprises, which are more likely to adopt the RESCO model.
WHY IS THERE A LOW ADOPTION?
This section highlights the potential causes for the low adoption of rooftop solar systems in the residential segment. Broadly, the problems have been classified into Financial, Behavioral and Regulatory problems.
1) Financial
Focusing on the costs of switching from the traditional source of energy to solar, for a household are discussed below. For a household installation, there are 4 main components: Solar panel, solar inverter, battery, stand and installation accessories.
In India, the monthly power consumption of an average household is 250 kWh. Therefore, an average Indian house needs approximately 2.3 kW of solar system which is 7 solar panels each of 330 watts. The average cost of a 1kW solar panel is Rs. 40,000. On average, bifacial solar panels (that produce solar power from both sides and therefore, have upto 30% more energy production), outfitting a 3kW solar panel system with Bifacial solar panel (also known as a solar system) costs between Rs. 2,00,000 and Rs. 2,10,000. Installation costs are about Rs. 7,000 for 1KwH and increase linearly. There may be annual maintenance contract charges that are upto Rs. 10,000 per kW (Chandra, 2022).[viii]
Based on the number of solar panels required, the availability of space to house the solar panels is also determined. A 1 kW solar system requires about 65 to 90 sq.ft area.[ix]Households can choose between off-grid and grid-connected. The average cost of a typical 1 kW off-grid system generating 4-5 units of electric power can vary between Rs 1 lakh and 1.25 lakh. Similarly, the benchmark cost of a similar grid-connected system is generally between Rs 75,000 and Rs 90,000. The difference arises from the cost of deep cycle batteries in the off-grid system. An off-grid home solar system can be effectively cost-saving when planned properly and is capable of paying back the initial investment within the first 5 years of operation through savings in electricity bill. A grid-connected home solar system is both a cost-saving feature as well as a revenue earning system as the excess energy can be fed back into the system. However, while off-grid home solar power plants are independent of the main grid, on-grid systems are subject to the regulations.
To calculate your household consumption needs: https://letsavelectricity.com/how-many-solar-panels-are-needed-to-power-a-house/
The main challenge here is the up-front cost that has to be paid by a household, which can run into lakhs of rupees. In urban areas, this is primarily done through self-financing which also has a high opportunity cost. Accessing loans from banks is a challenge, especially in rural areas. Interests range from 10-18% depending on the borrower’s source of income and risk profile. The RBI has instructed banks and NBFCs to include rooftop installations under home loans. But the issue is that under home loans or home improvement loans, there is a long documentation and mortgage process.
Alternative sources of funding include NBFCs, which are more flexible but have higher interest rates in the range of 13-24%. Retailer options, where the companies have agreements with banks and help the consumer secure a loan through the dealer networks are also an option, but not pervasive.
2) Maintenance and Safety:
Solar rooftop installation and solar installations in general deal with equipment which are complex and need maintenance from time to time, post installation. These installations required special trained individuals and workers to be called for. . Going forward, as installations become more localized and remote, individuals have to tend to the solar equipment themselves. Other issues include Lifeline on industrial shed roofs, walkways, PPE kits provided.
3) Behavioral factors
In 2019, a survey was undertaken by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) to uncover the barriers to adoption of solar energy in Indian households. Lack of awareness presented a formidable challenge with as many as 59% respondents not possessing a basic understanding of solar rooftop technology. The survey also found that word-of-mouth was the dominant source of information for residential consumers, closely followed by television.
One of the key drivers for consumers to switch to rooftop solar (RTS) is a reduction in the electricity bill. This desire is blunted by the current nature and structure of power subsidies. An average electrified Indian household consumes about 90 to 100 units (kWh) of electricity per month in 2014, according to Centre for Policy Research, a leading think tank. Power subsidies provided by various State governments have significantly reduced the cost to consumers. For instance, the Delhi government provides 100% subsidy up to 200 units, which benefits a vast majority of Delhi’s 50 lakh consumers. Similarly, the Punjab government has announced 300 units of free power for households in the state starting July 2022. Power subsidies, thus, embolden the status quo and inadvertently disincentivise the adoption of rooftop solar systems.
India lacks standardised regulation for solar product quality. The primary focus of large scale private developers has not been the rooftop segment (but the utility projects like Kamuthi Solar Power project in Tamil Nadu). This has led to a proliferation of small and medium sized installers in the segment. In the absence of requisite quality certifications, widespread use of poor quality cables and low grade aluminium (instead of selenium) has become commonplace. The lack of quality checks coupled with consumers’ lack of information has caused a trust deficit between consumers and installers. The deficit is further exacerbated by the slow and cumbersome installation process. This asymmetric information in the rooftop segment exacts a prohibitive cost on consumers and prevents them from adopting RTS systems.
Space constraints on rooftops hinder households from adopting RTS systems. According to Bridge to India, a renewable consultancy firm, the share of households in total rooftop solar capacity stands at 9%. Installation of rooftop solar systems requires a wide open space. Rooftops in India are utilised for a wide variety of purposes, i.e., used for social events, for hanging clothes out to dry, and to sun dry spices. The opportunity cost of installing a rooftop solar system for such households, then, becomes high.
4) Regulatory problems
The target to increase utilization of Roof Top Solar (RTS) and net power consumption, rooftop solar sail into the residential sector. Currently, the residential sector accounts for 14% of the total GRPV (grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic) installed capacity. This could be improved with greater awareness and renewed focus, combining with promotional initiatives under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s phase II program, focusing on the residential sector. Through virtual net metering and group metering schemes, consumers without roof access, resident welfare associations, townships, housing, which will cover the default of a percentage of the loan, will certainly encourage lenders.
Regulatory Framework and Administrative inconsistencies
DISCOM level: DISCOMs are the pivotal for accelerated deployment of GRPV (grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic) in India. However, they mostly continue to be indifferent about GRPV production because of the potential loss of commercial & industrial consumer revenues. Therefore, it becomes imperative to assist DISCOMs in adopting innovative business models, preparing deployment targets, and enhancing their understanding to ease loss on revenues, thereby boosting GRPV deployment.[x]
Net Metering regulation is a major obstacle as DISCOMs don’t want to lose out on the creamiest segment which is the C&I segment and thus most states allow RTS below 1MW, even when consumer load is much higher. Its leads to vicious equation; where increasing RTS is directly proportional to increasing loss.
The new provisions are helping the ailing state-run DISCOMs which are reluctant to leave off their higher-paying commercial and industrial consumers. It is viewed as a balancing act where net metering for commercial and industrial users will ultimately result in higher tariffs for the residential consumers. When high-paying commercial and industrial users start buying less power from DISCOMs, low paying consumers like residential customers ends up paying greater.[xi]
India has made some progress in utility scale solar electricity targets, the adoption of rooftop solar in cities remains dormant. India could only install 6 GW solar capacity till October 2021 out of planned 40 GW in 2017, due to pandemic. The rules for solar installations, including those related to gross and net metering, differ from one state to another, and also from one DISCOM to another. Nationalised banks hesitate in lending loans; despite approval by government, as the resale value of these items is low. These barriers are further compounded by the lack of consultations along the corporate sector. The policy change decision of the GST committee to increase the tax rate on photovoltaic cells’ components led to an unexpected increase in the pricing which lead to a sharp fall in demand, negatively impacting suppliers.
1) GST structure
While GST being an indirect tax is a topic under the supply side of solar energy production, indirect taxes are transferable to the consumers and are not progressive. This increases the tax burden on the consumers and can change preferences by creating a disincentive for them to adopt solar. Under this, there have been 2 main changes that will affect existing as well as new projects and can act as a disincentive for the market players, potentially harming the consumers:
First, an increase in the custom duties on imported solar components. A 40% and 25% basic customs duty has been levied on solar modules and solar cells respectively from April’22. Solar imports have been under an import duty-free period till April 2022. While this is intended to encourage domestic production and boost the Aatmanirbhar scheme, this will increase the prices for producers using imported materials in the short-medium run and therefore, increase the final price for the consumers.
The second reflects the changes in the GST tax rates. There has been a hike in the GST rates- in case of supply, 70% of the gross value of the contract will have a 12% tax rate (an increase from 5%) whereas the remaining 30% will continue to be taxed at 18%. Since, this follows an inverted duty structure, it would allow the suppliers to pass on additional burden to the consumers (ET, 2021). Inverted tax structure refers to a situation where tax on inputs purchased is higher than the tax on outwards supplies.
2) Standardized solar products and qualitative factors
Balls (2020) study highlights a need for qualitative and ethnographic research into the factors people consider when making decisions about purchasing solar products.
High-profile solar businesses operate under the assumption that they can capture demand in ‘bottom of the pyramid’ markets. This paper challenges the assumption of a homogenous bottom of the pyramid markets that this model relies upon. Based upon empirical data from the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, the paper examines how solar businesses adopting this model have struggled, only selling significant numbers of units when subsidized. It looks at how informal shops are, in contrast, thriving by offering low-cost, improvised, and adaptable solar products, without subsidies. It shows how these products are meeting people’s requirements for low-cost solar solutions that are functionally flexible and which can be altered, added to incrementally, upgraded, and easily repaired locally.
While assessing the benefits of adopting solar energy, often the indirect benefits are not taken into account. Additionally, since these may not be private benefits, the investment by households are suboptimal and therefore, require a coordinated effort from government, NGOs, and other players.
RECOMMENDATIONS AND WAY FORWARD
1) Regulatory
To encourage residential solar adoption, RTS has to surpass the cost effectiveness of the subsidized power, presently this is the primary (inhibitory) decision driver for the majority of consumers. The residential consumer have to bear the initial cost of installing the solar system, leading to cost issues, before the subsidies can be availed. The GoI needs to focus on offering solutions to reduce initial financial burden and encourage residential solar consumers through schemes.
One way forward that GoI could focus on is solar community, where buildings without the RTS could utilize Solar electricity. The mandates to build solar installation capable buildings and utilize spaces on the government buildings to motivate the community and extend the same in residential and commercial buildings. Last- but equally critical- relaying of the regulations relaxation benefits, utility and awareness thereof common public. This will help and encourage the community to better & faster transition to the abundant renewable source of energy.[xii]
2) Financial
The financial constraints concerning the issue of Residential RTS projects or small-size consumers may be resolved by combining and creating an aggregate set of consumers so that the complete portfolio can submit a financing application. With decreased transaction costs and more alluring offers from system installers, such aggregate consumer groups may be able to obtain better terms from credit institutions.
Banks should be encouraged to create standardized products based on each state's RTS policy and regulatory regimes. A standardized approach should be used to automatically design details of such products, such as tenor and monthly payment based on customer type, system size, remuneration policy, subsidies, tax benefits and other existing incentives. Such products targeted at residential and SME consumers should be as simple as possible to encourage participation.
By offering loans and guarantees for RTS as special purposes, public institutions might play a bigger role in encouraging the funding of RTS initiatives. Residential and SME consumers who must demonstrate their creditworthiness and are unable to obtain loans from commercial banks could be offered standardized loans by private banking entities based on known revenue streams from RTS support schemes and the standardized approach, and public institutions would be able to correctly assess the risk and fill the gaps in financing availability. Public institutions would be able to accurately assess the risk and close the financial availability gaps based on known revenue streams from RTS support schemes and the standardized approach.[xiii]
3) Behavioral
Word of mouth has been found to play an important role in adoption of rooftop solar systems in the residential sector. A positive customer experience creates a multiplier effect and nudges more individuals to adopt rooftop solar. For the upwardly mobile Indian population, acquiring an eco-friendly asset is viewed as a status symbol and a matter of pride. The high capital cost of installation lends to the perception of RTS as a luxury good. Apart from citizens, Governments and civil society organizations too play a vital role in popularising the adoption of rooftop solar.
Governments must leverage community trust through door-to-door campaigns and elicit interest through targeted advertisements. Additionally, to enhance consumer awareness, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has launched SPIN portal (National Portal of Solar Rooftop) which aims to streamline the installation process by linking citizens to local distribution companies. The initiative can be further popularised though influencer advertisements. Civil society organizations play a key role in encouraging the adoption of solar systems. Of note are the concerted efforts made by SELCO Foundation and Tata Trust to deliver community-based off grid solar systems in rural India. The programmes supported by the Tata Trusts have led to the installation of 1,586 kWp of solar energy capacity. Thus, collective efforts by multiple stakeholders will contribute to a gradual uptake of rooftop solar in the country.
Existence of thermal based power subsidies along with solar subsidies present a conundrum for citizens. The solar schemes have been able to offset power subsidies to some extent is apparent through the astronomical growth in cumulative rooftop solar installations since 2014 (shown below). This growth can be attributed to favourable policies at the Union and state level. For instance, MNRE’s flagship Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Scheme (Phase-II) offers 40% subsidy up to 3kW and 20% up to 10kW on benchmark costs. Additionally, state governments such as Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Himachal Pradesh provide up to 70% solar subsidy.
4) Innovation
Space constraints present a challenge to residential consumers. Currently, rooftop solar installations are fixed and immovable. This is inconvenient for those who wish to utilize rooftops for various other purposes. Recently, India’s first portable solar rooftop plant, developed by Servotech Power Systems, was unveiled at Swaminarayan Akshardham temple complex in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The portable solar plant called Servport (pictured below) has been designed such that the space under the panels has been effectively utilized as a seating space. This technology should be scaled up and deployed in the residential sector since it allows for efficient space utilization.
Portable solar plant at Swaminarayan Akshardham temple complex.
Conclusion
India’s rooftop solar installations have been increasing year on year. This paper aimed at highlighting the reasons for low adoption of rooftop solar systems in the residential segment. To hasten the adoption of RTS in the residential segment, financial and regulatory bottlenecks would need to be addressed. Apart from increasing mass awareness of various solar schemes as well as targeted outreach is essential for increasing adoption.
Meet the Thought Leaders
Shatakshi Sharma has been a management consultant with BCG and is Co- Founder of Global Governance Initiative with national facilitation of award- Economic Times The Most Promising Women Leader Award, 2021 and Linkedin Top Voice, 2021.
Prior to graduate school at ISB, she was Strategic Advisor with the Government of India where she drove good governance initiatives. She was also felicitated with a National Young Achiever Award for Nation Building. She is a part time blogger on her famous series-MBA in 2 minutes.
Naman Shrivastava is the Co-Founder of Global Governance Initiative. He has previously worked as a Strategy Consultant in the Government of India and is working at the United Nations - Office of Internal Oversight Services. Naman is also a recipient of the prestigious Harry Ratliffe Memorial Prize - awarded by the Fletcher Alumni of Color Executive Board. He has been part of speaking engagements at International forums such as the World Economic Forum, UN South-South Cooperation etc. His experience has been at the intersection of Management Consulting, Political Consulting, and Social entrepreneurship.
Laboni Singh is a mentor at GGI and is currently working at The Bridgespan Group as an Associate Consultant. She takes keen interest in socioeconomic development issues, public policy, and equity across different vectors of gender, caste, class, and ability, which in turn fuelled her transition from working at a global bank to the social sector. She is an Urban Fellow from the Indian Institute for Human Settlements, Bangalore and has a bachelor's degree in Economics from St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi.
Meet the Authors (GGI Fellows)
Shikhar Mittal is a impact fellow at GGI and is currently enrolled in SDA Bocconi Asia Center for his post-graduation in International Master in Business. He recently completed his summer internship with LF Logistics as a marketing intern. He is a believer of reciprocity and being active member of community. His interest lies in management consulting and sustainability.
Swathi Das is pursuing her post-graduation in Environment, Climate Change and Sustainability Studies from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai. Her interests lie in impact consulting, sustainability, renewable energy, and ESG. She has previously worked as an Audit Assistant with Deloitte USI.
Atishya Awasthi is a graduate from Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi University. She is currently an Impact Fellow at GGI and has joined Sattva Consulting as an analyst.
Kshitiz Pradeep Gupta is currently a GGI Fellow, and part of team which acquired first place in GGI start up weekend. Being a pharmacist by profession, currently working as Project consultant for a International Non Profit health project in state of Himachal Pradesh.
Public health is key domain of expertise and interest for him. He firmly believes that collaboration and empathy lays foundation for growth of one and all.
Maitrey Suhag is currently interning at Impact Institute in capacity of Consultant – Sustainable Finance. She is also pursuing her Master’s degree from Bocconi University in Economic and Social Sciences.
If you are interested in applying to GGI's Impact Fellowship, you can access our application link here.
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